Microsoft 365 servers contain extremely sensitive information and most organisations simply cannot do without it for an extended period of time. Zero-Day Attacks, those attacks that take advantage of a vulnerability in software or firmware found by cybercriminals before a vendor can issue a fix, are one of the cybercriminal’s greatest advantages.

Often providing privileged access, Zero-day attacks become the means for a single cybercriminal group to potentially gain access to literally tens or hundreds of thousands of organisations in every geography, industry vertical, size, and country. There are even posts on the dark web by cybercriminal gangs offering as much as $3m for a zero-day remote code execution exploit.

According to a recent analysis, there were 80 zero-day vulnerabilities exploited in 2021, a 166% increase from 2020, with Microsoft, Apple, and Google products most frequently targeted.

There was a zero-day attack on Microsoft Exchange in early 2021 that originated from a Chinese cyber espionage group, dubbed “Hafnium” and, in total, exploited four vulnerabilities to exfiltrate mailbox contents, gain admin control over compromised servers, and install malicious software.

While Microsoft provides a world-class layer of security around its’ services, as well as copious amounts of QA to ensure its products are secure from the start, the Hafnium attack is a reminder that no vendor – not even Microsoft – is impervious to very intelligent hackers who spend all their time trying to find a proverbial Achilles’ heel in a vendor’s code.

And should a zero-day attack occur, initial mitigations and updates generally are not immediately available, putting organisations that are attack targets largely helpless to defend themselves during the time between an attack’s discovery and mitigation.

But what happens if the target is Microsoft 365, specifically Exchange Online, as email continues to be the number initial attack vector? What can you do both proactively and reactively to mitigate the risk a zero-day attack against it?

According to Mimecast, there are 5 key risk mitigation steps organisations can take to protect their operational investment in Microsoft 365. Considering that more than 90% of all cyberattacks start with an email, it is crucial to look at this aspect in more detail.

While we’re talking about protecting against zero-day attacks, no rule says a threat actor can’t also attempt to take advantage of email to spread malware within an organisation. And since this is one of those steps you can more easily address, it makes sense that you need to have a layer of protection that resides logically where an email enters your organisation.

What’s needed is a defence-in-depth approach using third-party solutions that augments any built-in security on Microsoft’s part. Microsoft 365 E3 licenses do include Microsoft Defender and Exchange Online Protection to protect against email-based attacks, with E5 licenses including the addition of Microsoft Defender for Identity and Endpoint. E3 customers have only the essential levels of protection, while E5 customers have advanced levels of protection and detection of email-borne attacks.

But even so, there are additional layers of your defence-in-depth strategy to harden the email perimeter that can be taken to make it increasingly more difficult for cyber-attackers to navigate. The goal is to stop any zero-day attacks that first need to establish a foothold via phishing.

Domain Protection

Several technologies exist today to ensure the validity and integrity of emails received. The Domain-based Message Authentication, Reporting and Conformance (DMARC) defines a policy around what should be done with an email where the sending domain appears to be impersonated.

The Sender Policy Framework (SPF) is used within DNS to identify the hostnames and IP addresses of valid email senders for a given domain. Putting these in place helps eliminate the possibility of successful domain impersonation on the part of the cyber attacker.

Credential Harvesting Detection

Sending domains can be validated to ensure phishing emails aren’t impersonating a trusted brand, while links and redirects can be intelligently followed to see if they take potential victims to spoofed login pages to Office 365, Outlook and other Microsoft 365 cloud services. Phishing kits used to quickly prop up an entire fake website front-end for harvesting can also be detected.

Use of Artificial Intelligence

The use of AI focusing on the relationships and connections between senders and recipients, including the strength or proximity of the relationships, can help identify anomalous emails that may be malicious.

Shared Threat Intelligence

A strong defence rests in it being based on shared threat intelligence to ensure the most up-to-date data to increase detections and reduce risk. In addition, the intel gathered through protecting the email perimeter should be shared back to your SIEM to aid in providing a comprehensive view of what’s happening on your network.

Virtual Sandboxing

The opening of an email can be simulated within a virtual environment where attachments can be detonated to see whether they perform a malicious action.

URL Protection

Links can be scanned in real-time and blocked from being clicked if deemed malicious.

Best-in-class email security for Microsoft 365

Uninterrupted business continuity is critical, keep email flowing during planned and unplanned outages with a mailbox continuity solution that provides guaranteed access to live and historic email and attachments from Outlook and Windows, the web, and mobile applications - from anywhere on any device.

Solutions like Mimecast offer comprehensive email security and resilience solutions. AI-powered detection blocks all email-based threats, while easy-to-deploy, easy-to-manage complementary solutions reduce risk, cost, and complexity.

As a certified Managed Security Service Provider (MSSP), J2 Software also provides end-to-end support to bolster its clients’ cyber resilience and provides a solid framework for beneficial cyber insurance policies.  John Mc Loughlin can be contacted on

(021) 461-1223 oy by email: john@j2.co.za